دوره Linux Essentials + LPIC1(101-102)

• Distributions
• Embedded Systems
• Linux in the Cloud

• Desktop applications
• Server applications
• Development languages
• Package management tools and repositories

• Open source philosophy
• Open source licensing
• Free Software Foundation (FSF), Open Source Initiative (OSI)

• Desktop skills
• Getting to the command line
• Industry uses of Linux, cloud computing and virtualization

• Basic shell
• Command line syntax
• Variables
• Quoting

• Man pages
• Info pages

• Files, directories
• Hidden files and directories
• Home directories
• Absolute and relative paths

• Files and directories
• Case sensitivity
• Simple globbing

• Files, directories
• Archives, compression

• Command line pipes
• I/O redirection
• Basic Regular Expressions using ., [ ], *, and ?

• Basic shell scripting
• Awareness of common text editors (vi and nano)

• Differences between Windows, OS X and Linux
• Distribution life cycle management

Hardware

• Programs and configuration
• Processes
• Memory addresses
• System messaging
• Logging

• Internet, network, routers
• Querying DNS client configuration
• Querying network configuration

• Root and standard users
• System users

• User and group commands
• User IDs

• File and directory permissions and ownership

• Using temporary files and directories
• Symbolic links

• Enable and disable integrated peripherals.
• Differentiate between the various types of mass storage devices.
• Determine hardware resources for devices.
• Tools and utilities to list various hardware information (e.g. lsusb, lspci, etc.).
• Tools and utilities to manipulate USB devices.
• Conceptual understanding of sysfs, udev and dbus.

• Provide common commands to the boot loader and options to the kernel at boot time.
• Demonstrate knowledge of the boot sequence from BIOS/UEFI to boot completion.
• Understanding of SysVinit and systemd.
• Awareness of Upstart.
• Check boot events in the log files.

• Set the default runlevel or boot target.
• Change between runlevels / boot targets including single user mode.
• Shutdown and reboot from the command line.
• Alert users before switching runlevels / boot targets or other major system events.
• Properly terminate processes.
• Awareness of acpid.

• Allocate filesystems and swap space to separate partitions or disks.
• Tailor the design to the intended use of the system.
• Ensure the /boot partition conforms to the hardware architecture requirements for booting.
• Knowledge of basic features of LVM.

• Providing alternative boot locations and backup boot options.
• Install and configure a boot loader such as GRUB Legacy.
• Perform basic configuration changes for GRUB 2.
• Interact with the boot loader.

• Identify shared libraries.
• Identify the typical locations of system libraries.
• Load shared libraries.

• Install, upgrade and uninstall Debian binary packages.
• Find packages containing specific files or libraries which may or may not be installed.
• Obtain package information like version, content, dependencies, package integrity and installation status (whether or not the package is installed).
• Awareness of apt.

• Understand the general concept of virtual machines and containers.
• Understand common elements virtual machines in an IaaS cloud, such as computing instances, block storage and networking.
• Understand unique properties of a Linux system which have to changed when a system is cloned or used as a template.
• Understand how system images are used to deploy virtual machines, cloud instances and containers.
• Understand Linux extensions which integrate Linux with a virtualization product.
• Awareness of cloud-init.

• Understand the general concept of virtual machines and containers.
• Understand common elements virtual machines in an IaaS cloud, such as computing instances, block storage and networking.
• Understand unique properties of a Linux system which have to changed when a system is cloned or used as a template.
• Understand how system images are used to deploy virtual machines, cloud instances and containers.
• Understand Linux extensions which integrate Linux with a virtualization product.
• Awareness of cloud-init.

• Send text files and output streams through text utility filters to modify the output using standard UNIX commands found in the GNU textutils package.

• Copy, move and remove files and directories individually.
• Copy multiple files and directories recursively.
• Remove files and directories recursively.
• Use simple and advanced wildcard specifications in commands.
• Using find to locate and act on files based on type, size, or time.
• Usage of tar, cpio and dd.

• Redirecting standard input, standard output and standard error.
• Pipe the output of one command to the input of another command.
• Use the output of one command as arguments to another command.
• Send output to both stdout and a file.

• Run jobs in the foreground and background.
• Signal a program to continue running after logout.
• Monitor active processes.
• Select and sort processes for display.
• Send signals to processes.

• Know the default priority of a job that is created.
• Run a program with higher or lower priority than the default.
• Change the priority of a running process.

• Create simple regular expressions containing several notational elements.
• Understand the differences between basic and extended regular expressions.
• Understand the concepts of special characters, character classes, quantifiers and anchors.
• Use regular expression tools to perform searches through a filesystem or file content.
• Use regular expressions to delete, change and substitute text.

• Navigate a document using vi.
• Understand and use vi modes.
• Insert, edit, delete, copy and find text in vi.
• Awareness of Emacs, nano and vim.
• Configure the standard editor.

• Manage MBR and GPT partition tables
• Use various mkfs commands to create various filesystems such as:
        o ext2/ext3/ext4
        o XFS
        o VFAT
        o exFAT
• Basic feature knowledge of Btrfs, including multi-device filesystems, compression and subvolumes.

• Verify the integrity of filesystems.
• Monitor free space and inodes.
• Repair simple filesystem problems.

• Manually mount and unmount filesystems.
• Configure filesystem mounting on bootup.
• Configure user mountable removable filesystems.
• Use of labels and UUIDs for identifying and mounting file systems.
• Awareness of systemd mount units.

• Manage access permissions on regular and special files as well as directories.
• Use access modes such as suid, sgid and the sticky bit to maintain security.
• Know how to change the file creation mask.
• Use the group field to grant file access to group members.

• Create links.
• Identify hard and/or soft links.
• Copying versus linking files.
• Use links to support system administration tasks.

• Understand the correct locations of files under the FHS.
• Find files and commands on a Linux system.
• Know the location and purpose of important file and directories as defined in the FHS.

• Add, modify and remove users and groups.
• Manage user/group info in password/group databases.
• Create and manage special purpose and limited accounts.

• Manage cron and at jobs.
• Configure user access to cron and at services.
• Understand systemd timer units.

• Configure locale settings and environment variables.
• Configure timezone settings and environment variables.

• Set the system date and time.
• Set the hardware clock to the correct time in UTC.
• Configure the correct timezone.
• Basic NTP configuration using ntpd and chrony.
• Knowledge of using the pool.ntp.org service.
• Awareness of the ntpq command.

• Basic configuration of rsyslog.
• Understanding of standard facilities, priorities and actions.
• Query the systemd journal.
• Filter systemd journal data by criteria such as date, service or priority.
• Configure persistent systemd journal storage and journal size.
• Delete old systemd journal data.
• Retrieve systemd journal data from a rescue system or file system copy.
• Understand interaction of rsyslog with systemd-journald.
• Configuration of logrotate.
• Awareness of syslog and syslog-ng.

• Create e-mail aliases.
Configure e-mail forwarding. Knowledge of commonly available MTA programs (postfix, sendmail, exim) (no configuration).

• Basic CUPS configuration (for local and remote printers).
• Manage user print queues.
• Troubleshoot general printing problems.
• Add and remove jobs from configured printer queues.

• Demonstrate an understanding of network masks and CIDR notation.
• Knowledge of the differences between private and public “dotted quad” IP addresses.
• Knowledge about common TCP and UDP ports and services (20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 53, 80, 110, 123, 139, 143, 161, 162, 389, 443, 465, 514, 636, 993, 995).
• Knowledge about the differences and major features of UDP, TCP and ICMP.
• Knowledge of the major differences between IPv4 and IPv6.
• Knowledge of the basic features of IPv6.

• Understand basic TCP/IP host configuration.
• Configure ethernet and wi-fi network using NetworkManager.
• Awareness of systemd-networkd.

• Manually configure network interfaces, including viewing and changing the configuration of network interfaces using iproute2.
• Manually configure routing, including viewing and changing routing tables and setting the default route using iproute2.
• Debug problems associated with the network configuration.
• Awareness of legacy net-tools commands.

• Query remote DNS servers.
• Configure local name resolution and use remote DNS servers.
• Modify the order in which name resolution is done.
• Debug errors related to name resolution.
• Awareness of systemd-resolved.

• Audit a system to find files with the suid/sgid bit set.
• Set or change user passwords and password aging information.
• Being able to use nmap and netstat to discover open ports on a system.
• Set up limits on user logins, processes and memory usage.
• Determine which users have logged in to the system or are currently logged in.
• Basic sudo configuration and usage.

• Awareness of shadow passwords and how they work.
• Turn off network services not in use.
• Understand the role of TCP wrappers.

• Perform basic OpenSSH 2 client configuration and usage.
• Understand the role of OpenSSH 2 server host keys.
• Perform basic GnuPG configuration, usage and revocation.
• Use GPG to encrypt, decrypt, sign and verify files.
• Understand SSH port tunnels (including X11 tunnels).